Colonization

A mark on the bottom of the paddle looks as though it has broken off or chipped away. The mark symbolized for us colonization as it reminded us of how American war and settlement resulted in Haudenosaunee division and loss of their homelands (Reid, 1996). Removal would have made women feel broken by the threat of losing their connection ot their land and settler colonialism has chipped away at Haudenosaunee culture. However, Haudensaunee resilience has ensured resurgence and the preservation of their traditions.